What is the recommended temperature range for domestic hot water systems to prevent scalding?

The recommended temperature range for domestic hot water systems to prevent scalding while ensuring effective sanitation is typically around 120°F to 140°F. At this temperature range, the risk of scalding is significantly reduced, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly, who have more sensitive skin. This range also ensures that hot water is sufficiently hot to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Legionella, which can thrive in water that is not adequately heated.

Maintaining the water temperature above 120°F helps reduce the risk of bacterial growth, while temperatures that exceed 140°F significantly increase the risk of scalding, particularly with prolonged exposure. Therefore, by keeping the temperature set within the 120°F to 140°F range, plumbing systems can provide a balance of safety and hygiene, minimizing the risk of both burns and bacterial issues.